Which programming methodology allows Web applications to interact more dynamically with users?

Ajax, which stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML, is a programming methodology that enhances the ability of web applications to interact dynamically with users. It allows web pages to send and retrieve data from a server asynchronously without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. This means users can experience a more interactive and responsive interface since content can be updated in real-time without requiring the entire web page to reload.

This methodology is essential for creating modern web applications where user experience is a priority. By using Ajax, developers can build features such as real-time data updates, dynamic forms, and seamless navigation, leading to a more engaging and efficient web experience for users.

In contrast, HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is primarily used to structure content on the web, CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is responsible for the presentation and layout, and while JavaScript is a scripting language that can also create dynamic interactions, it is the combination of JavaScript with Ajax that specifically enables that dynamic interaction with server-side data without full page reloads. Thus, Ajax stands out as the correct choice for this question.